PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.